4D explains the status quo and development of the DeSci ecosystem in detail

Original title: "OP Research: Detailed Explanation of the Status and Development of DeSci Ecology"

Original Source: OP Research

1. Problems solved by DeSci 

1. Funding problem

Traditional scientific research is based on The centralized way to seek scientific research funding and resources, such as the National Natural Science Foundation of China, makes the centralized scientific research method have a lot of problems in the funding application process, such as a few mathematical valves control and monopolize the entire funding application; secondly, the entire funding application process The process is lengthy and inefficient.

Taking China as an example, the domestic funding cycle often begins to write applications at the beginning of the year, and ends and reviews at the end of the year. A lot of time is spent on applications In addition, there are considerable problems in the assessment and approval process: for example, there is no comprehensive and efficient approval mechanism for scientific research projects, and often when a project applies for scientific research funds, the progress has exceeded half, and it is difficult to implement scientific research funds. The place where scientific research is really needed most; secondly, the review mechanism is single. For example, the publication of journal articles and patents is an important reference point for reviewing centralized scientific research funds. Based on this, the publication of journal articles and patents has become a rigid demand, and even Some scientific research magazines have formed an industrial chain with clear price tags. This single and unreasonable review mechanism has led to the gradual utilitarianization of journal articles and deviated from the original intention of scientific research. Furthermore, due to the deterioration of the general environment, such as economic deterioration and environmental protection, the overall scientific research funding has gradually decreased, and the problem of scientific research funding has become increasingly serious.

2. Establish a more open and fair environment and confirm the rights to scientific research results

In scientific research There are often some unreasonable allocation of resources and elements in the circle. For scientific research resources and personnel, there are redundancy, waste and even serious internal friction. DeSci based on blockchain technology has the characteristics of open and transparent data that cannot be changed. To a certain extent, this allocation of resources and elements can be optimized, and to a certain extent, it can help scientific researchers confirm their rights, which will help optimize the entire scientific research environment and promote the birth of results.

3. Eliminate the monopoly of centralized institutions

As mentioned above, since ancient times, scientific research The right to speak in the industry is often in the hands of centralized funds or authoritative journals, and there are even academic monopolies such as "scholars" and academic "gangsters". For a long time, opaque and unfair standards have been used to measure academic achievements and even control academics. In the case of the circle, DeSci, based on blockchain technology, decentralizes the right to speak in a decentralized manner, which will not only help eliminate the monopoly of centralized institutions, reduce the phenomenon of centralized evil, but also help optimize resources configuration to promote cooperation and development between the scientific research industry and all walks of life.

4. Promoting the Citizen Science Movement

Citizen Science, also known as Citizen Science Science, which describes the partnership between the public and professional scientists. In general, citizen science refers to projects in which members of the public participate in the collection, classification, documentation, or analysis of scientific data. The "public" includes non-professional scientists, science enthusiasts and volunteers. Citizen science projects are generally initiated by scientists, and the public is invited to participate and carry out jointly. There are also projects planned and initiated by the public, and then scientists are invited as technical guides. This kind of movement aims to call on the whole society to participate in research and rationally allocate social resources. This movement coincides with the spirit of Web3.0, and DeSci technology based on blockchain will have the possibility to provide technology for this movement. In any case, DeSci will promote the democratization and universalization of the scientific research movement in the overall situation, which will promote the development of the entire scientific research industry.

Second, currently representative DeSci concept projects

In this paragraph, select Several DeSci projects that the author considers to be more representative are selected. The selected dimensions include: project ecology (market value, financing history, functionality, importance, number of partners and incubation projects, and overall industry status, etc.), project impact Strength (daily activity, social media popularity, etc.), project update frequency, project launch time, team status, etc.

At present, WIKI has collected a relatively complete DeSci ecology (as shown below), the entire DeSci track is still in a very early stage, and in the current DeSci ecology, DAO is the most prosperous. This should be because DAO is to solve the biggest and most difficult financing problem that DeSci needs to face. The second is to focus on the sector of decentralized financing, and then the concept of publishing and paper literature review platform to solve the pain point of peer review, which is the second biggest problem of DeSci. Other concepts such as NFT-related combinations are still in a relatively wild and early state. The current DeSci project tends to be the most biological track, which may be due to the large number of scientific research biological directions and the recent epidemic factors, and the general public's increased attention to biological science.

This paragraph selects some representative projects for analysis and discussion from literature publication and peer review, DAO concept and the underlying infrastructure of this track. Among them, Molecule is the most complete and most influential DAO concept and ecological infrastructure. The author recommends that interested readers can learn from this project.

DeSci ecological panorama:

< img src="https://image.blockbeats.cn/upload/2022-11-02/ba7ef65a9ca0eea434a313b841286f9788d3b277.png?x-oss-process=image/quality,q_50/format,webp" alt="OP Research: detailed explanation Current status and development of DeSci ecology" width="499" height="281">

Source:https://docs.google.com/document/d /1aQC6zn-eXflSmpts0XGE7CawbUEHwnL6o-OFXO52PTc/edit#heading=h.tb1n0i2ql4kx

1.Ants-Review: Bounty-like open anonymous scientific industry peer review system

Ants-Review comes from the ETHTurin 2020 hackathon, submitted by the MetaBounty team . The Ants-Review project won the first prize of the hackathon at that time. And it has received investment from the University of Turin, Gitcoin, and the Ethereum Foundation. (ETHTurin is the first Italian hackathon for the Ethereum community, where hackers can develop Ethereum-based blockchain applications that address local impact and SDG goals).

Peer review is an essential quality control step in scientific publications. In order to solve the problem of expensive, inefficient and centralized peer review of scientific publications, Ants-Review proposes a blockchain-based incentive protocol to reward scientists for their contributions to the work of other scientists and establish a reputation system. The AntsReview protocol allows any author to request peer review of their scientific publications, and the anonymity of the reviewers will be maintained during the review process. It is worth mentioning that the naming of Ant in Ants-Review comes from the founder's belief that the work behind a scientific paper is similar to a complex organism like an anthill, which is the sum of many tiny individuals: in this sum, all Contributions (even if small as ants) are essential to the whole and deserve recognition.

Ants-Review even creatively proposed the concept of PoC (Proof of Concept): During the review process, the reviews that meet the requirements of the Ants-Review smart contract are reviewed by external editors Moderation, external editors verify content. If the review is accepted by the author, reviewers will be able to obtain ANTToken issued by Ants-Review, ANTToken is in ERC20 format, and the smart contract is written in Solidity language.

The Ants-Review project is still in its early stages, and there are still some key issues (such as how to determine the qualifications for peer review review; how to avoid deliberate evil; how to avoid cheating etc.) to be resolved, but the Ants-Review agreement still shows how DeSci in Web3.0 can establish an initial economic incentive model. In the future, Ants-Review will issue ANT Token, and add a zero-knowledge proof protocol to Ants-Review to achieve anonymous peer review. It will also add a personal DID function to form a personal reputation and integrate DEFI. The modular protocol allows expansion and improve logic etc.

2. Molecule: Decentralized biotechnology underlying protocol

The Molecule Project is a biotechnology research fundraising platform. Currently, about 40 scientists are looking for funding for their projects on the site. Anyone can donate and support future important discoveries. At the beginning of its establishment, Molecule was inspired by the citizen science movement and the openness of drug development. The original idea came from the patient community and aimed to cross the death valley of theoretical and clinical research. The original idea of the project was to use blockchain tools to help advance and fund early drug development. To this end, the Molecule company has made several decisions that have pushed the DeSci space forward, including the idea of IP NFTs, IP-related NFTs (drug or research-based IP), and the launch of the VitaDAO community to fund longevity research.

Molecule is built on top of Ethereum, including a total of two systems, namely Molecule Discovery and Molecule Finance. They can create a vibrant ecosystem for decentralized, modular drug development.

Molecule Discovery: On Molecule Discovery, information on biopharmaceutical assets is publicly available. That is, researchers can make their biopharmaceutical assets (typically including data and pre-applied patents) visible to users around the world and interact with potential funders. The platform allows them to list the detailed information of the projects, and interested investors can discover and pay attention to projects in their fields of interest, and negotiate and cooperate with the research team for further interaction.

Molecule Finance: Enables modular drug development by creating virtual funding and collaborative environments. NFT assets can be transferred to automated market makers to raise funds, or inserted into DAOs managed as portfolios in specific disease treatment verticals. Unlike these structures, which could be almost equated to a biopharma startup or holding company comprised of various global stakeholders, funders, and researchers, the actual governance will be fully assigned to the community.

IP-NFT: Molecule's Novel Approach to Intellectual Property NFTs (IP-NFTs) Allows Anyone to Share Ownership of Research Projects And future outcomes such as intellectual property, royalties, data, and more. The IP-NFT developed by Molecule is mainly composed of two major contracts: legal contracts and smart contracts. They intersect and interact with each other. Legal contracts are IP licenses whose language references blockchain transactions, addresses, and signatures. A smart contract is an NFT whose code references an IP license agreement and mixes it with certain data components and stores it on a decentralized file storage network. The combination of the two forms an IP-NFT. IP-NFT is a new mechanism for managing intellectual property rights using distributed ledger technology. The goal of IP-NFT is to enable the financing, ownership and trading of IP in an open and distributed market, while preserving the privacy and development potential associated with unregistered IP.

IP-NFT represents full legal intellectual property rights and data access control rights for biopharmaceutical research. But more importantly, they also represent the harbinger of a whole new asset class — virtualized IP-like NFTs. It can be said that in this regard, Molecule is a pioneer in the NFTization of property rights and related information data.

With IP-NFT, fundraisers, biomedical researchers and biotech companies can:

(1) Commercial fundraising without the need to file early patents or create startups

(2) Engage directly with stakeholder groups such as patients, collaborate with other researchers to promote open science, and Gaining attention through public markets

(3) Collaborative research missions utilizing data access controls

(4) Funding/monetization strategies to create and implement markets

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Molecule website structure

About Molecule ecology:

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Molecule is built on a modular open stack, using various DeFi (Balancer, Gnosis) and governance components (The LAO, Moloch) and legal framework (OpenLaw) to build its own ecology. In addition to the above functions, Molecule Discovery can also perform asset procurement, asset evaluation, and include infrastructure such as clinical data hosting.

Molecule is not limited to the basic functions of its own website, but has established a complete and huge ecosystem, enabling patient collectives and drug development DAOs to maintain Yes, governing and interacting with real-world IPs, plus innovations in IP-NFTs (such as funding frameworks by integrating NFTs into decentralized auction systems and AMMs such as Balancer, Uniswap, or Sushi), someone I think Molecule is more like OpenSea of the DeSci track, but in my opinion, macroscopically, Molecule insists on seeding new DAOs and its DeSci projects, including VITA DAO (the first biotechnology DAO) ValleyDAO AthenaDAO HairDAO, etc., which not only help promote early The funds for drug development have also helped the development of DeSci from the front to the middle, such as building the infrastructure of the DeSci track such as bio.xyz (the launchpad of the DAO). The ecology of Molecule is gradually improving, and the layout is grand. We have reason to believe that Molecule will become the leading project of the DeSci concept in the future.

On June 13 this year, Molecule completed a $13 million seed round of financing led by Northpond Ventures, Backed VC, Shine Capital, Speedinvest and former Coinbase CTO Balaji Srinivasan participated in the round. On September 1 this year, Pfizer said it had reached a strategic partnership with the decentralized longevity research organization VitaDAO, and invested $500,000 in its new drug research and development project for life extension.

3.VitaDAO

VitaDAO is Molecule's most famous community management and decentralized The DAO collective for drug development. It is also the world's first biotech DAO. The core mission of VitaDAO is to accelerate the research and development of longevity space and prolong human lifespan and healthy lifespan. To achieve this goal and align incentives and activate early-stage funding for longevity biopharmaceuticals, VitaDAO combines a novel governance framework with financial engineering tools such as Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs), NFTs, and Algorithmic Automated Market Makers (AMMs). Runs on the Ethereum blockchain and co-funds and digitizes research in the form of IP NFTs.

VitaDAO Ecosystem

VitaDAO is the longest-lived in human history The unit is the number of seconds of a person's lifespan, and an equal number of Tokens are issued. And promised that if the human life limit can exceed this record, they will issue additional tokens based on the new record. TokenVITA can be obtained by contributing work, funds or other resources such as data and IP to VitaDAO. Ownership of VITA allows holders to participate in VitaDAO's democratic governance, direct its research, access and profit from its data repositories, and manage its IP portfolio.

Instead of granting intellectual property ownership but full governance, VITA is designed to follow the principles of a sustainable cycle where R&D projects are funded and generated Data, VitaDAO's IP value grows with positive research results. Successful commercialization requires the growth of the VitaDAO ecosystem and greater availability of funds. This in turn attracts higher quality IP, funding more projects and further growing the VitaDAO ecosystem.

Public members can join VitaDAO and manage their IP through VITAToken by contributing funds, work or contributing valuable research data or IP assets. VITAToken makes it Holders are able to participate in the decision-making and governance of VitaDAO research, express support for specific initiatives, and manage their data repositories and IP portfolios.

VitaDAO will acquire and Commissioning research, and owning, developing and monetizing the resulting intellectual property assets.VITADAO's portfolio includes:

(1) Knowledge representing therapeutic research projects NFT of property rights, patents and licenses.

(2) Data assets generated around its research projects and NFT-funded research and development.

In order to fund more research and provide long-term funding for DAO operations, there are multiple options to monetize owned data and IP. Among them, the final ownership of property rights IP is negotiable, and most of the current ownership In VitaDAO, a small part belongs to the authors and promoters

So far, more than 200 DeSci projects have raised funds through Vita DAO, and the amount of funds raised has exceeded 300 million US dollars.

On August 30, Pfizer said it had reached a strategic partnership with the decentralized longevity research organization VitaDAO and invested US$500,000 in it to prolong life New drug research and development projects.

4.LabDAO is a DAO organization dedicated to DeSci basic tools and facilities

LabDAO is a community of scientists and engineers dedicated to sharing open tools for life science research. The community's mission is to accelerate the advancement of the life sciences by making computing and scientific tools accessible to all members.

LabDAO hopes to live in a world that can unleash the potential of individuals to develop technology, so that the research capabilities of researchers and organizations are not limited by funding, hardware, software and infrastructure in the world. The tools that LabDAO is co-building are designed to lower the barriers for inventors to raise funds, develop technology, and share it in a barrier-free manner.

Over the past 20 years, open source code has accelerated the advancement of information technology. This success is made possible by the ability to share code at low cost and reproduce results with high reliability. Furthermore, the sharing of code is accelerated by technology market dynamics where intellectual property is less relevant for time-to-market and implementation-related trade secrets. In contrast, open source in biomedicine has been less transformative. The high cost of duplicating life science processes and the low reliability of generating expected results have been barriers to the dynamics of the open source market. In addition, shared directives are hampered by intellectual property and trade secrets, the main way to fend off competitors during the lengthy regulatory approval process.

To speed up this process, LabDAO has developed tools such as Openlab, which enable scientists to share their professional tools and services with each other.

About Openlab:

Openlab enables scientists to freely Exchange tools and services instead of the long search for collaborators or CROs. As an important underlying infrastructure of DeSci, Openlab enables every biotech scientist, graduate student, postdoc and professor to become an independent inventor or entrepreneur.

Just as Amazon Web Services has lowered the cost of starting a new technology company, LabDAO believes the advent of Openlab infrastructure can stimulate the growth of DeSci's new biotech company increase. Many laboratory services within biotech companies today require high capital expenditures, professional services for the use and control of such equipment and efficient pricing mechanisms for such equipment and use. The emergence of Openlab allows researchers and institutions to trade various laboratory functions and services on a license-free agreement to solve these limitations. At the same time, the addition of the DAO concept and the Token incentive mechanism will ensure that the market revenue can be fed back to the community and the market.

The Openlab protocol and its community LabDAO solve the above problems in biomedicine:

( 1) by creating an open market for performing biomedical experiments between experiment designers and executors

(2) by defining standards around biomedical tools to improve reproducibility and transparency, and establish effective prices Mechanism

(3) By incentivizing contributors to develop applications or provide instruments/functions

Payments on Openlab can take shared IP (ownership is a new co-author) or other forms of Token. Openlab enables the transition from a centralized marketplace with opaque researchers and siled research institutions to an open peer-to-peer marketplace for laboratory services. Most of the fees generated by the trading platform flow back to the open source development of life science tools within the ecosystem.

At the same time, LabDAO will use three mechanisms to ensure the service quality of transactions within its community:

(1) Funds paid for the transaction will be held in escrow until the user has viewed the results of the purchased service. In the event of a conflict, an independent mediation service may be requested for resolution.

(2) Participants of the Openlab trading platform need to invest in LABToken proportional to the transaction value they provide and consume. In case of fraud, the pledged LABToken can be destroyed by the community.

(3) The community is maintaining a list of trusted service providers participating in the exchange. On-chain transaction records serve as the basis for user experience ratings.

The long-term benefits of LabDAO can be divided into three points:

(1) Introducing the Openlab market To reduce barriers to access to biomedical tools and services.

(2) The growth of transactions and potential conflicts around service specifications will lead to the emergence of community-driven unified standards for services and tools.

(3) On-chain records of transactions, including metadata and data assets, will serve as a dynamically evolving knowledge graph—a global laboratory notebook.

LabDAO plans to issue its own governance token $LAB in the future, and all users who hold this token are members of LabDAO. Earn tokens by contributing to open source tools, the maintenance of the LabDAO community, or by using services on the Openlab trading platform.

5.Bio.xyz: Harnessing Capital, Talent and Resources to Accelerate the Next Generation of Science, Launch platform to build the DAO of the future biotech DAO and DeSci project.

Bio.xyz is a DAO startup platform incubated by Molecule, providing services including operations, technology, infrastructure, professional It is recommended to wait for one-stop supporting services. Since 2018, Bio.xyz has incubated and accelerated the first biotech DAO: VitaDAO, which has funded $2.5 million worth of longevity research and created core DeSci infrastructure, such as the IP-NFT framework, for the DeSci field. A generation of builders emerged to lay the groundwork. Bio.xyz can provide direct support services and funds to various DeSci DAO organizations, and work with DAO organizations to build the future of DeSci.

Bio.xyz is also a biotech DAO accelerator and DeSci meta-governance layer, bio.xyz works through the DAO in a range of therapeutic areas and infrastructure projects, Funding and supporting the builders of the future of decentralized science. Bio.xyz provides DeSci DAO with a startup platform, resources, mentorship, a shared network, and a suite of laws and smart contracts. Our goal is to enable DeSci DAO to leverage IP NFTs to fund, manage and exploit the intellectual property of universities, companies and researchers around the world, thereby driving the explosive growth of biosciences.

Bio.xyz provides $100,000 worth of on-chain convertible grants to multi-signature wallets on Ethereum for Biotech and the DeSci DAO. Multi-signature Gnosis Safe is controlled by DAO founding team members and bio.xyz members. Every 45 days, 1/3 of the grant is automatically released as long as the DAO meets the pre-set conditions set at grant time. A portion of the DAO's grants are converted into Token warrants, which are part of the DAO governance token issued by bio.xyz. Members of Bio.xyz vote in the DAO and help ensure that ownership of the DAO is decentralized from scratch. Bio.xyz will provide funding, regulatory support, technical support, and more for the new DAO organization.

6. Research Hub is an open community dedicated to advancing scientific research results

Research Hub is a community of people who recognize that the world needs a new way of creating and disseminating scientific knowledge. My Research Hub envisions a modern infrastructure for academia that: eliminates inefficiencies; removes as many barriers to scientific research as possible; provides incentives to encourage collaboration; and emphasizes universal communication of science to all audiences. To fulfill Research Hub's mission and realize this vision, the ResearchHub team will follow these values: always act in the best interests of the scientific community; constantly seek truth; seek self-awareness; insist on openness, freedom and responsibility; lessons learned.

Research Hub's goal is to make a modern portable web3 application where people can collaborate on scientific research in a more efficient way, to be part of the scientific community GitHub. Researchers can upload articles (preprint or postprint) in PDF format, summarize findings from their work in an attached wiki, and discuss those findings and share results in a fully open and accessible forum.

To help Research Hub come together and incentivize contributions to the platform, Research Hub has created a unique incentive mechanism: Research Hub has created A new ERC20TokenResearchCoin (RSC). RSC will be used for user rewards for uploading new content to the platform, and for incentives in summarizing and discussing research. Token rewards are proportional to how the community values these actions - and these will be measured through voting. ResearchCoin is also tied to reputation on the platform - reputation will affect the user's ResearchCoin earnings. Reputation will also be associated with certain privileges within the application and moderation mechanisms within the community. At present, RSC is the core Token and underlying reward material of Research Hub, but the reputation of the platform can directly affect the acquisition of RSC, and support the stable operation and development of the platform in the long run, so the reputation on the chain is what Research Hub wants to build core functions.

7. The Science Dao: A decentralized idea lab, incubator and accelerator platform designed to foster inventors, businesses Collaborates and finances with scientists and scientific institutions across a wide range of technology and life sciences.

The Science DAO is a decentralized scientific community incubated by YASHA DAO, with the goal of bringing cutting-edge technology and promoting scientific breakthroughs to the public for the benefit of society and mankind. The ultimate goal is to build a complete DAO for science. The Science DAO will create a platform where the world's geniuses can realize their dreams. Science DAO will be open to interested participants in the market. However, the main groups of target participants will be science foundations, institutions and universities. The DAO aims to bring these institutions together to foster growth and bring emerging technologies to the masses. In this regard, the team will focus on business development and strive to build the world's largest decentralized scientific think tank.

Each project creation will create a series of NFTs for that fundraiser. We collectively refer to this type of behavior as INO (Initial NFT Offering), and the NFT public offering will provide funds for the proposed project. NFT will provide prospective investors with the opportunity to invest in the product early. Ninety percent of the funds from NFT sales will be obtained by fundraising projects, while the remaining 10 percent will be returned to The Science DAO as a fund reserve. In NFT transactions, there is a 6% royalty, of which 4% belongs to the project party and 2% belongs to the community.

It is quite innovative to raise funds through INO. Compared with FT, the characteristics of NFT itself will be more suitable for guaranteeing investment At the same time, different projects on the platform can be distinguished, and the royalties can also continuously inject blood into the project. But on the other hand, this also increases the threshold for investors, reduces the liquidity of assets, and also increases the burden on investors.

As of March 2022, the total market value of DeSci projects raised in The Science Dao has exceeded 300 million US dollars, and the number of users has exceeded three Ten thousand.

THRY TOKEN (a total of 1 billion pieces) will serve as the governance TOKEN in the entire The Science DAO ecosystem, and TOKEN holders will have voting rights for the entire project decision , and have the right to know and participate in and supervise the entire project process.

Three: Prospects for the possible future development path of DeSci

Based on the analysis of the status quo of the DeSci movement and the current application of the blockchain, we have come up with the following directions and specific application solutions for the future development of DeSci: intellectual property right confirmation: academic reputation system; resource redistribution: behavioral incentive mechanism; data Storage, encryption and sharing: data transfer center.

1. Intellectual Property Right Confirmation: Academic Reputation System

The confirmation of current academic articles and patents and the transfer of copyright fees for subsequent applications are very consistent with the transparent and non-tamperable characteristics of the blockchain, and now there are relatively mature NFT-based copyright confirmation and royalty transfer solutions. At the same time, on-chain social graphs and reputation systems based on user interactions, such as CyberConnect and Project Galaxy, are also developing rapidly. Therefore, we provide an application solution for it:

First of all, all addresses can verify their identity by uploading off-chain identity certificates, and obtain an updateable The new Soulbound Token (SBT) standard is used as a proof certificate, thereby binding the address with the personal identity to realize the synchronization of the reputation on the chain and off the chain. Based on this identity SBT, we can build an academic reputation system: in this system, all academic interactions will obtain relevant academic SBT credentials, which can also be updated, and the identity SBT of an address will be based on the Therefore, other projects in the ecology only need to read the SBT to know the academic achievements of the corresponding author, instead of obtaining all the academic credentials of the account. In fact, not only academic articles, but any knowledge output can follow this logic.

Taking the publication of academic articles as an example, users who publish academic articles on the chain can obtain a corresponding NFT to confirm the right and a SBT to record, and at the same time publish the article The responsible editors, reviewers, recommenders, funders, and even data collectors in the process will get a corresponding SBT to record their relevance, and the author of the article can also set the NFT royalty distribution or any other profit by himself. Distribution, such as winning bonuses, etc. Each article will be reflected on the identity SBT, which will be recognized by the reputation platform, and the corresponding score will be given to give value to the behavior. In addition, every act of citing the article will be reflected in the article's SBT and related contribution SBT to prove the change of the holder's influence, and then establish an academic relationship map of each of them. Due to the personalization of Web3 data and the transparency of the blockchain, this will change the cumbersome process of traditional academic articles from creation to publication and the uneven distribution of benefits. It will decentralize each link, but it can clearly define the status of each participant. role.

When the academic reputation of an address is established, users can conduct financial operations through SBT or an academic NFT certificate. For example, users can carry out credit loans based on their own SBT, obtain unsecured loans based on their academic reputation, or mortgage their academic NFT, and lend out circulating assets with the NFT's own value and future royalties or dividends as endorsements. On the conservative side, it is also possible to increase the mortgage rate of user funds based on user reputation or academic NFT. In addition, users can also split the NFT equity in equal proportions through NFT fragmentation, and use this as an equity certificate to raise funds. The commercialization of intellectual property rights such as renting or buying out can also be detrusted through smart contracts and NFTs, avoiding overlord clauses such as HowNet that seriously infringe upon authors.

2. Resource Redistribution: Behavior Incentive Mechanism

This program is intended to solve academic research The problem of uneven distribution of resources, the resources are not necessarily funds, equipment or human relations, but also environmental resources, climatic conditions, cultural heritage, etc. Drawing on the current long-tail asset market solutions, we can build a resource redistribution platform, which is a project fundraising platform like PartyBid to provide funds for academic research, and at the same time exchange for fragmented NFT as proof of equity; it also has a general task like Keep3r The publishing platform seeks help with Token or other resources as rewards, and conducts distributed research on a Topic in the form of SubDAO; in addition, it is a peer incentive evaluation scoring platform like Abacus, and uses multi-node evaluation methods to ensure fairness and incentives through the reputation system . Therefore, we designed a prototype for it:

The functions of the platform are divided into three parts: fundraising, cooperation and evaluation. The key to this platform is to combine the three parts with the incentive and reputation system to realize the value of public goods and the short-term benefits of long-term things.

Specifically, anyone can start fundraising on the platform, and the raised funds will be locked on the platform. It is up to investors to vote to decide whether it is not passed. When the number of fundraisers who choose not to pass exceeds 10% of the total number of fundraisers, a formal vote will be held, otherwise it will be passed directly. The fundraiser distributes the NFT of the works it produces to investors in the form of fragmented or ERC-1155 standard NFT, endowing them with partial ownership and dividend rights, and can add additional features such as usage rights, commercialization, etc. that power. In particular, a certain proportion of the income generated by investors’ commercialization will also flow back to the NFT of the work, instead of spreading the net widely and using others to generate profits once and for all. In this way, both contributors and funders can benefit from it.

The cooperation model is like the current Wikipedia. Everyone works together to complete a project, but all contributors can get matching contributions , which would define each contributor and price the output of the public good. For example, a team in Singapore studied the correlation between the growth rate of a certain type of mangrove forest and water quality and ocean currents. Due to the geographical constraints of Singapore, this research needs to study mangroves in other regions, such as Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, etc.

If the team chooses to conduct on-site inspections by themselves, they not only need to solve issues such as compliance, but also need to consider time and manpower. Therefore, the team can issue cooperation requirements on this platform and provide corresponding remuneration (Token, legal currency, NFT fragments of the article, etc.), which will provide certain financial support for local mangrove protection, thereby producing a positive effect. As a large-scale project, it will inevitably be broken down into several small topics, and then completed by different doctors, graduate students and even undergraduates. When such a decomposition is no longer restricted by geography and countries and regions, the feasibility and completion efficiency of the entire project will rise sharply. At the same time, the research resources of high-quality colleges can be shared with relatively backward research teams in other regions, driving their academic development.

Peer evaluation is based on the current NFTFi solution, using multi-node pledged Token for common evaluation, and achieving efficient and fair evaluation through incentives and penalties. Similar to Abacus, multiple evaluation nodes need to pledge the corresponding amount of Token as the cost of doing evil, and evaluate the same work. The scores will be weighted according to the reputation of each person, and the evaluation node that is more consistent with the final score will be awarded by the evaluation applicant. motivation. The whole process is supervised by doubters. Once malicious scoring or sybil attacks are found, the evaluation can be restarted and the perpetrators will be fined and confiscated as incentives.

In addition, in order to facilitate the whole matching process, there will be a role like a traditional editor to match the assessment nodes and applicants, let’s call him a curator People, when the work is scored successfully, they will receive a part of the applicant's incentive. Since the cognition of works changes in real time, and the value of works can also be generated continuously, the entire scoring process can continue. After each round of score settlement, applicants can use additional incentives to apply for additional evaluation, and evaluation nodes can change their scores by pledging additional Tokens. At this time, other nodes can also be invited to perform additional scoring.

3. Data storage, encryption and sharing: data transfer center

storage of academic data It's a problem that has always existed. The loss of key data will lead to the abortion of the entire project, so it is necessary to have a reliable storage device and keep a backup.

But once the confidential data leaks, the project will be plagiarized or stolen, and the project will stop here. However, most of the data needs to be shared in time and can be verified for authenticity, which forms an impossible triangle. However, the current blockchain technology has ready-made mature solutions that can be borrowed, namely IPFS, ZK and query/API. These three technologies can break down data silos, keep data safe, and synchronize data in real time to verify authenticity.

As a resource integration platform, the data transfer center based on IPFS, ZK and API does not actually build services, so it does not host user data, but provides Find suitable decentralized data storage services and collect storage fees according to user needs. All data will be encrypted to ensure privacy, and data verification is achieved through zk technology. Since all detection data will be uploaded in real time, non-confidential data can be shared with users in need in a timely manner. The data API/query access threshold can be set by the data owner to achieve data-based profitability. More importantly, the authenticity and uniqueness of the data itself can be guaranteed through the characteristics of the blockchain, and the complete original data also makes data review and experimental reproduction easier and more credible.

DeSci Ecosystem:

When the three solutions are integrated, a Comprehensive DeSci ecological network. The data transfer center has built an essential infrastructure for the ecology to solve the most fundamental data problems, ensure data security, and break information asymmetry. A free market can only be established when all information is transparent. The reputation system provides motivation for participants, which records the contribution of each participant and assigns value to it. This not only makes everyone's contributions transparent, but also protects intellectual property rights. When all efforts can be witnessed, the entire ecology can develop positively. Most importantly, the behavioral incentive mechanism enables the redistribution of resources in the entire ecology, so that everyone can get what they need and maximize the utilization of each resource.

This is the key to the sustainable operation of the DeSci ecosystem, and it is also the essence of Web3. Everyone can control their own personal resources and gain benefits based on them.

For example, the graduate project of the researcher followed by the doctoral student of the supervisor, which belongs to a sub-project of a research that will win the Nobel Prize in the future, or It simply provides some data for it. Years after graduation, the then-researcher was still paid a paltry sum for it, but it came from a Nobel Prize, and the record of the researcher's participation in the Nobel Prize-winning research would live on forever. Researchers can even get an additional low-interest loan from the bank. Another example could be someone randomly writing part of a Wikipedia entry based on their domain expertise. In the future, the number of visits to this entry will increase sharply, and a large number of users will pay for it, a large part of which will automatically flow into the NFT owned by TA. This is all due to the long-term preservation of data, the existence of reputation system and incentive mechanism.

This kind of environment is the soil for DeSci to survive, and only then can the flower called "Master" bloom and bear fruit that can change the development of the world.

This article is from a contribution and does not represent the views of BlockBeats.

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