Original Title: "Dencun Upgrade Overview"

Author: BLOB

Translation: Luccy, BlockBeats

Editor's Note:

With the approaching of the Cancun upgrade, L2 has become lively. This article, sourced from blobcoin on Arbitrum, discusses the Dencun upgrade from a high-level perspective, explaining all the changes it will bring to Ethereum, including the execution layer and consensus layer.

This article provides a detailed introduction and explanation of the Cancun and Dencun upgrades. BlockBeats has translated the original article as follows:

This is the first article in a series of educational articles about Dencun, EIP4844, and lower transaction fees on Ethereum L2.

Here, we will discuss the upgrade of Dencun from a high-level perspective, explaining all the changes it will bring to Ethereum, including the execution layer and consensus layer.

I am a professional in the encryption industry. Please translate the following Chinese text into English without considering the context or industry-specific terms and names. Do not omit any English words or phrases, including capitalized ones such as ZKS, STARK, and SCROLL. If there are English characters in an tag, do not translate them and return the tag as is. If the content consists only of punctuation marks, return them as is. Do not translate HTML tags such as

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. If an HTML tag contains English characters, omit the translation and return the tag as is. Please preserve any content within tags. Translate all Chinese characters. The text to be translated is:

Introduction

What is EIP?

EIP-1 describes it as:

EIP stands for "Ethereum Improvement Proposal".

EIP is a design document that provides information to the Ethereum community, or describes new features of Ethereum or its processes or environment.

Anyone can start a conversation on forums such as Ethereum Research or the Ethereum Magicians to discuss changes they would like to see on the Ethereum network. Once a consensus is reached on an idea, the author can write an EIP-1 following the process described in the EIP.

What are the execution layer and consensus layer?

Since the Ethereum underwent the merge (also known as the "London upgrade"), it has been running on two different and isolated layers: the "execution layer" and the "consensus layer".

These layers have different functions, and together they constitute the PoS version of the Ethereum blockchain.

Execution Layer (EL): Responsible for applying the changes brought by transactions to the blockchain.

If you want to know what this means, let's illustrate it with an example.

Take Alice's desire to exchange 10 WETH for BLOB as an example: Alice must send a transaction to the Ethereum blockchain, specifying the exchange of her WETH for BLOB. When Alice's transaction is included in the blockchain, the execution layer is responsible for executing all necessary code (token exchange on Sushiswap) and updating Alice's token balance and approval, effectively modifying the database of the blockchain.

Essentially, you must imagine the execution layer as the engine of Ethereum. When users do things on the blockchain, its wheels will turn.

Consensus Layer (CL): Responsible for ensuring that all blockchain nodes reach consensus with each other. Given that blockchains are supported by a distributed network of participants (usually referred to as "nodes"), these participants must all agree on the blockchain. If this does not happen and Ethereum nodes do not agree, then we will enter a world where some parts of Ethereum may believe that Alice has 10 WETH, while others believe that Alice has no WETH.

Imagine the consensus layer as the steering wheel of Ethereum, which defines the path that the entire Ethereum blockchain will follow when linked together!

Key points: The execution layer and consensus layer are separate and independent, maintained by different teams.

Dencun 是什么？

translates to

What is Dencun?

in English.

Dencun = Deneb + Cancun

Due to the fact that Ethereum now consists of two independent layers, both layers must make their own modifications to support large-scale changes (such as EIP4844).

Therefore, large-scale upgrades now require two layers of upgrades. Because of this, Ethereum core developers like to use a name to refer to the general Ethereum upgrade, which is obtained by merging the names of each layer upgrade together.

• Shapella = Shanghai (EL) + Capella (CL)

• Dencun = Cancun (EL) + Deneb (CL)

Interesting fact: EL upgrades are named after cities, while CL upgrades are named after stars.

Now that we have an understanding of the two main components of Dencun, let's dive deeper into them.

Deneb (CL upgrade) will include 5 EIPs, and Cancun will include 6 EIPs.

Deneb: Consensus Layer EIP

EIP-4788: Beacon Block Root in EVM.

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