The Ethereum Shanghai upgrade is the next major upgrade of Ethereum after The Merge completed on September 15, 2022 upgrade. The Shanghai upgrade will include a series of highly anticipated optimizations, such as EIP-4895, which will allow users to withdraw staked ETH.

If you want to know more about Ethereum, please refer to the entry "What is Ethereum".

The Ethereum developer community estimates that the Shanghai upgrade will be completed in the second half of 2023, but they have not yet reached a consensus on a specific timetable. As a first step, the Ethereum Foundation launched a Shanghai upgrade testnet called "Shandong" on October 17, 2022.

Ethereum developers are still discussing which EIPs will be included in the Shanghai upgrade. As of November 15, 2022, 4 EIPs have been confirmed to be included in the Shanghai upgrade, while 3 EIPs are under consideration. The Ethereum Foundation shares the latest list here.

What is an EIP? What does it do? Please refer to the entry "What is EIP".

Confirmed EIP

• EIP-3651: Warm COINBASE

EIP-3651 Reduces gas fees for builders (such as Flashbots) responsible for packaging Ethereum transactions into blocks, and indirectly benefits other participants who pay for builder services.

• EIP-3855: PUSH0 instruction

EIP-3855 reduces the code size of smart contracts and saves developers gas costs .

• EIP-3860: Limit and meter initcode

EIP-3860 doubles the size limit of smart contracts, So that developers can add more features. However, EIP-3860 will slightly increase the cost of smart contract deployment.

• EIP-4895: Beacon chain push withdrawals as operations

EIP-4895 allows users to withdraw pledged ETH and its earnings , and the process will consume no gas.

Potential EIP

• EIP-1153: Transient storage opcodes

EIP- 1153 Introducing a gas-saving solution for communication within smart contracts.

• EIP-3540: EVM Object Format (EOF) v1

EIP-3540 separates the code and data of smart contracts, This separation is particularly beneficial for on-chain code validators, improving their ease of use and saving significant amounts of gas.

• EIP-3670: EOF - Code Validation

EIP-3670 complements EIP-3540. EIP-3670 introduces code validation at contract creation time to reject smart contracts containing incomplete data or undefined instructions.

Other EIPs

EIPs related to roll-up are currently not included in the Shanghai upgrade, including the high-profile EIP-4488 and EIP-4844 .

EIP-4488 and EIP-4844 are both short-term optimizations for roll-up. Although sharding remains a long-term solution to Ethereum's scalability issues, it will take quite some time to implement. EIP-4488 and EIP-4844 provide temporary solutions to reduce the cost of roll-up and Incentivize the entire ecosystem to transition to roll-up centric Ethereum.

These EIPs and other content may still be included in the Shanghai upgrade, as its list is still being determined. Until then , the most obvious change brought about by the Shanghai upgrade will be the ability to withdraw pledged ETH.

You may also be interested in the following content:

• What is staking? Film?
• What is liquidity staking?